A new study from Monash University suggests that engaging with music, whether by listening or playing instruments, is associated with a significantly lower risk of dementia and cognitive decline. Researchers analysed data from more than 100,000 adults aged 70 and over who did not have a dementia diagnosis at the start of the study.
Lower Dementia Risk and Improved Memory
The findings revealed that participants who regularly listened to music had a 39% lower risk of developing dementia, while those who played a musical instrument had a 35% lower risk compared to those who rarely or never engaged with music. The study also linked musical engagement to a 17% lower incidence of cognitive impairment, alongside improvements in overall cognition and day-to-day memory performance.
Study Duration and Method
Participants were tracked for a median of 4.7 years, with some follow-ups extending beyond that period. The study did not focus on any specific genre of music but noted that songs which evoke interest or memories may offer the greatest cognitive benefits.
Dementia Prevalence and the Importance of Prevention
According to the 2025 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures report, one in nine adults over 65 currently live with Alzheimer’s dementia, with risk increasing sharply with age. Senior author Professor Joanne Ryan emphasised the importance of prevention, stating:
“With no cure currently available for dementia, the importance of identifying strategies to help prevent or delay onset of the disease is critical.”
Observational Findings
Researchers stressed that the study was observational, meaning it cannot confirm a direct cause-and-effect relationship between music and dementia prevention. However, as one of the largest studies of its kind, it highlights a potential low-cost, accessible approach to supporting cognitive health later in life.